HomeTypologyIQ
Proliferation Financing

WMD Programme Financing via Third-Country Banking

Entities controlled by or acting on behalf of weapons of mass destruction programmes exploit gaps in correspondent and cross-border payment screening by routing funds and procurement payments through third-country banking intermediaries, obscuring the true originator, beneficiary and purpose. Shell companies, misclassified goods descriptions, and layered correspondent relationships are used to access the international financial system.

Firm typesBank / Credit InstitutionPayment Institution (PI)E-Money Institution (EMI)
ProductsCross-Border PaymentsTrade FinanceFX Transfers
CustomersCorporatesAgents & IntermediariesSMEs
Key terms:

What it is

Entities controlled by or acting on behalf of weapons of mass destruction programmes exploit gaps in correspondent and cross-border payment screening by routing funds and procurement payments through third-country banking intermediaries, obscuring the true originator, beneficiary and purpose. Shell companies, misclassified goods descriptions, and layered correspondent relationships are used to access the international financial system.

Control objective

Detect payment flows and correspondent-banking relationships used by proliferation-linked entities to access the financial system through third-country intermediaries and nested banking relationships.

Data required

  • True originator and ultimate beneficiary across all payment hops
  • Instructing and receiving bank jurisdictions and correspondent chain
  • Goods or service descriptions in any linked trade documentation
  • Beneficial ownership of all corporate counterparties in the payment chain
  • Screening results against proliferation-financing and sanctions designations for all parties
  • Vessel names, ports and routing in any associated trade finance
  • Stated business purpose and commercial rationale for the payment
  • Prior payment history and established correspondent relationship details